On Monday, Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki called for an immediate halt to Israel’s control over Palestinian territories during the commencement of hearings at the United Nations’ highest court regarding the legal status of the contested areas. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague is set to hear arguments from over 50 countries until February 26, following a request from the U.N. General Assembly in 2022 for an advisory opinion on the matter. Israeli officials contest the characterization of the territories as occupied, citing their acquisition from Jordan and Egypt in the 1967 war, not from a recognized Palestinian state.
Quick Read
- The Palestinian Foreign Minister accused Israel of apartheid and demanded the UN’s top court declare Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories illegal, needing an immediate and unconditional end for a two-state future.
- Hearings began on the legality of Israel’s 57-year occupation, with the Israel-Hamas conflict as a focal point, despite the focus being on Israel’s control over the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and annexed east Jerusalem.
- Palestinian Foreign Affairs Minister Riyad al-Maliki highlighted the dire situation of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank, facing violence and displacement, and criticized Israel for long-term discrimination and apartheid, which Israel denies.
- The International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) advisory opinion could pressure Israel, especially after its actions in Gaza. Despite Israel’s withdrawal from Gaza in 2005, it and Egypt still control Gaza’s borders.
- Al-Maliki also accused Israel of genocide in Gaza, a claim Israel denies. Concerns grow over a potential Israeli ground offensive in Rafah, Gaza. This is the second time the UN General Assembly has sought an ICJ advisory opinion on Palestinian territories.
- Legal expert Paul Reichler argued Israel’s policies align with the settler movement’s goals, expanding control over the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The ICJ’s non-binding opinion aims to uphold Palestinian self-determination against annexation and apartheid by Israel.
The Associated Press has has the story:
Palestinian accuse Israel of apartheid, ask UN court to declare its occupation illegal
Newslooks- THE HAGUE, Netherlands (AP) —
The Palestinian foreign minister on Monday accused Israel of apartheid and urged the United Nations’ top court to declare that Israel’s occupation of lands sought for a Palestinian state is illegal and must end immediately and unconditionally for any hope for a two-state future to survive.
The remarks came at the start of historic hearings into the legality of Israel’s 57-year occupation of lands sought for a Palestinian state. The case stands against the backdrop of the Israel-Hamas war, which immediately became a focal point of the day — even though the hearings were meant to center on Israel’s open-ended control over the occupied West Bank, the Gaza Strip and annexed east Jerusalem.
Palestinian Foreign Affairs Minister Riyad al-Maliki told the International Court of Justice that “2.3 million Palestinians in Gaza, half of them children, are besieged and bombed, killed and maimed, starved and displaced.”
“More than 3.5 million Palestinians in the West Bank, including in Jerusalem, are subjected to colonization of their territory and racist violence that enables it,” he added.
Al-Maliki criticized Israel for subjecting Palestinians to long-term discrimination and apartheid, charges Israel denies, and stated that Palestinians face displacement, subjugation, or death. He emphasized that ending the occupation in accordance with international law is the only acceptable resolution.
The ICJ’s opinion, while not legally binding, could exert political pressure on Israel, especially in light of its actions in Gaza. Since the 1967 conflict, Israel has held the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem, territories the Palestinians seek for their state.
Despite withdrawing from Gaza in 2005, Israel and Egypt continue to control its borders. The hearings are part of Palestinian efforts to bring international legal scrutiny to Israel’s actions, particularly after the recent conflict in Gaza initiated by Hamas, which resulted in significant casualties.
Al-Maliki also accused Israel of genocide in Gaza, a claim Israel strongly denies. Concerns are growing over a potential Israeli ground offensive in Rafah, Gaza, a city that has become a refuge for Palestinians fleeing Israeli attacks.
This is the second time the U.N. General Assembly has sought an advisory opinion from the ICJ on issues related to the Palestinian territories. The proceedings are distinct from a genocide case brought by South Africa against Israel at the World Court. The ICJ’s advisory opinion will carry significant moral and legal influence, though it will not be enforceable by law.
International law expert Paul Reichler, representing the Palestinians, told the court that the policies of Israel’s government “are aligned to an unprecedented extent with the goals of the Israeli settler movement to expand long term control over the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and in practice to further integrate those areas within the territory” of Israel.
The session, expected to last six days, follows a request by the U.N. General Assembly for a non-binding advisory opinion into Israel’s policies in the occupied territories. Judges will likely take months to issue an opinion.
Citing the right self-determination enshrined in the U.N. charter, al-Maliki said that “for decades, the Palestinian people have been denied this right and have endured both colonialism and apartheid.”
The Palestinians argue that Israel, by annexing large swaths of occupied land, has violated the prohibition on territorial conquest and the Palestinians’ right to self-determination, and has imposed a system of racial discrimination and apartheid.
“This occupation is annexation and supremacist in nature,” al-Maliki said and appealed to the court to uphold the Palestinian right to self-determination and declare “that the Israeli occupation is illegal and must end immediately, totally and unconditionally.”
The Palestinian delegation also said a move by the U.N. court could increase the chances for a peace that would allow the Israelis and Palestinians to live side by side.
“The best and possibly the last hope for the two state solution that is so vital to the needs of both peoples is for the court to declare illegal the main obstacle to that solution: the ongoing Israeli occupation of Palestine,” said Reichler.
After the Palestinians’ address, an unprecedented 51 countries and three international organizations will speak. Israel is not scheduled to speak during the hearings, but could submit a written statement.
Yuval Shany, a law professor at Hebrew University and senior fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute, said Israel will likely justify the ongoing occupation on security grounds, especially in the absence of a peace deal.
It is likely to point to the Oct. 7 attack in which Hamas-led militants from Gaza killed 1,200 people across southern Israel and dragged 250 hostages back to the territory.
However, Palestinians and leading rights groups argue that the occupation goes far beyond defensive measures. They say it has morphed into an apartheid system, bolstered by settlement building on occupied lands, that gives Palestinians second-class status and is designed to maintain Jewish hegemony from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea. Israel rejects any accusation of apartheid.
Israel captured the West Bank, east Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip in the 1967 Mideast war. The Palestinians seek all three areas for an independent state. Israel considers the West Bank to be disputed territory, whose future should be decided in negotiations.
It has built 146 settlements across the West Bank, according to watchdog group Peace Now, many of which resemble fully developed suburbs and small towns. The settlements are home to more than 500,000 Jewish settlers, while around 3 million Palestinians live in the territory.
Israel annexed east Jerusalem and considers the entire city to be its capital. An additional 200,000 Israelis live in settlements built in east Jerusalem that Israel considers to be neighborhoods of its capital. Palestinian residents of the city face systematic discrimination, making it difficult for them to build new homes or expand existing ones.
Israel withdrew all of its soldiers and settlers from Gaza in 2005, but continued to control the territory’s airspace, coastline and population registry. Israel and Egypt imposed a blockade on Gaza when the Palestinian militant Hamas group seized power there in 2007.
The international community overwhelmingly considers the settlements to be illegal. Israel’s annexation of east Jerusalem, home to the city’s most sensitive holy sites, is not internationally recognized.
It’s not the first time the court has been asked to give an advisory opinion on Israeli policies.
In 2004, it said a separation barrier Israel built through east Jerusalem and parts of the West Bank was “contrary to international law.” It also called on Israel to immediately halt construction. Israel has ignored the ruling.
Also, late last month, the court ordered Israel to do all it can to prevent death, destruction and any acts of genocide in its campaign in Gaza. The order came at a preliminary stage of a case filed by South Africa accusing Israel of genocide, a charge that Israel denied.
South Africa’s governing party, the African National Congress, has long compared Israel’s policies in Gaza and the West Bank to the apartheid regime of white minority rule in South Africa, which restricted most Black people to “homelands” before ending in 1994.
